Ayurveda Licensure Exam preparation SET 2

Q1

Vata dosha is primarily composed of:

A

Fire and water

B

Space and air

C

Earth and water

D

Fire and earth

Q2

Raktamokshana (bloodletting) is indicated in:

A

Vata disorders

B

Pitta and blood disorders (Raktapitta)

C

Kapha disorders

D

All doshas

Q3

Kasa (cough) in Ayurveda is related to:

A

Only Vata

B

Aggravation of Vata and Kapha doshas

C

Only Pitta

D

Only Kapha

Q4

Yavagu (rice gruel therapy) in Ayurveda is used as:

A

A vehicle for drug administration and as therapy itself

B

Only a food item

C

Not used in treatment

D

Only for adults

Q5

Ashtanga Sangraha is attributed to:

A

Sushruta

B

Vagbhata

C

Charaka

D

Kashyapa

Q6

The national supply of Ayurvedic medicines in Nepal includes:

A

Only imported medicines

B

Mix of indigenous production and import from India and elsewhere

C

Only indigenous production

D

No supply

Q7

The Nepal Ayurveda formulary includes modern evidence-based data:

A

No data

B

Increasing inclusion of pharmacological data

C

Only traditional data

D

Not included

Q8

The snake bite management in Nepal Ayurveda practice includes:

A

Only traditional herbs

B

First aid, anti-snake venom, and supportive Ayurveda care

C

Only traditional methods

D

No management

Q9

The Nepal Ayurveda allopathic practice allows Ayurveda doctors to:

A

Only prescribe Ayurveda

B

Prescribe limited modern medicines as per regulation

C

Prescribe all drugs

D

No prescribing rights

Q10

The Shodhana (purification) of Vatsanabha (Aconitum) in Nepal Ayurveda is done in:

A

No purification needed

B

Cow milk or decoction processing to reduce aconitine toxicity

C

Water only

D

Not processed

Q11

The historical period during which the Sushruta Samhita is believed to have been composed is approximately:

A

500-300 BCE

B

500-800 CE

C

1200-1500 CE

D

1800-1900 CE

Q12

According to Ayurveda, a person with 'Madhur' (sweet) taste preference and stable temperament likely has dominance of which element?

A

Prithvi (Earth)

B

Vayu (Air)

C

Agni (Fire)

D

Jala (Water)

Q13

In the management of rheumatoid arthritis with a Kapha-dominant pathology, which of the following herbs would be most suitable?

A

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

B

Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

C

Guggulu (Commiphora mukul)

D

Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis)

Q14

Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between Agni (digestive fire) and Mala?

A

Strong Agni always decreases Mala formation

B

Weak Agni leads to increased Ama formation and impaired Mala elimination

C

Agni has no effect on Mala

D

Agni only influences urine formation

Q15

A patient complains of a sour taste in the mouth, excessive acidity after meals, and a strong desire for cold drinks. Which Agni imbalance is most likely?

A

Katu Agni

B

Teekshna Agni

C

Mandagni

D

Vishama Agni

Q16

Which of the following is a recognized method to balance excess Tejas?

A

Increasing intake of sour and bitter foods

B

Consuming more spicy and salty foods

C

Engaging in vigorous exercise

D

Practicing deep, rapid breathing (Kapalabhati)

Q17

Which of the following statements about the five Jñānendriyas is correct in Ayurvedic theory?

A

They are considered part of the subtle body (Sūkṣma-śarīra)

B

They are directly responsible for the production of Rasa (plasma)

C

They are composed of the Vata, Pitta and Kapha elements

D

They function only after the death of the body

Q18

The term 'Karaṇa' in Ayurvedic pathology is synonymous with:

A

Cause or origin of a disease

B

Symptom of a disease

C

Therapeutic drug

D

Diagnostic test

Q19

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Rasayana therapy?

A

Inducing vomiting

B

Providing quick symptom relief

C

Enhancing vitality, immune function and longevity

D

Removing excess doshas directly

Q20

Which diagnostic method among the tenfold examination is directly related to evaluating the patient's mental and emotional state?

A

Prakriti assessment

B

Vikriti assessment

C

Sparsha (touch)

D

None of the above

Q21

A patient with hypertension shows a "Balavrita" (strong) pulse that is "hard" and "forceful". Which dosha imbalance is most likely?

A

Kapha

B

Pitta

C

Vata

D

Sannipata

Q22

Aptopadesha as a Pramana refers to knowledge derived from:

A

Personal experience

B

Logical deduction

C

Authoritative scriptures and expert testimony

D

Analogical reasoning

Q23

The srotas that is most vulnerable to ama accumulation is:

A

Annavaha srotas

B

Mutravaha srotas

C

Svedavaha srotas

D

Pranavaha srotas

Q24

Which Srotas relates to the function of voice and speech?

A

Pranavaha Srotas

B

Rasavaha Srotas

C

Annavaha Srotas

D

Mamsavaha Srotas

Q25

Injury to which Marma point is specifically known to cause 'Visha' (toxin) accumulation and systemic poisoning effects?

A

Janu

B

Hridaya

C

Kshipra

D

Adhipati

Q26

In Ayurvedic anatomy, which of the following BEST describes Asthi?

A

Soft tissue connecting muscle to bone

B

Hard tissue forming skeleton

C

Thin membranous structures

D

Channels carrying blood

Q27

The Marma 'Manya' is a Sira Marma situated at the:

A

Carotid triangle (neck)

B

Submandibular region

C

Supraclavicular fossa

D

Axilla

Q28

Which of the following is the primary site of action for Samana Vata?

A

Hridaya

B

Mastaka

C

Amashaya/Pakvashaya

D

Kandhara

Q29

The metabolic fire associated with the kidneys is known as:

A

Yakrit agni

B

Krikka agni

C

Jatharagni

D

Dhatvagni

Q30

Which of the following is considered the structural basis of Rasa-Rakta circulation in Ayurvedic anatomy?

A

Raktaavaha srotas

B

Annavaha srotas

C

Medhavaha srotas

D

Mootravaha srotas

Q31

According to Sushruta, which of the following dhatus is the first to deteriorate with aging, leading to diminished tactile perception?

A

Majja dhatu

B

Rakta dhatu

C

Mamsa dhatu

D

Asthi dhatu

Q32

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Aorta

B

Pulmonary vein

C

Pulmonary artery

D

Superior vena cava

Q33

The blood-brain barrier is mainly formed by which cellular structure?

A

Astrocytic end-feet

B

Endothelial cells with tight junctions

C

Pericytes

D

Microglia

Q34

Which drug, having Madhura Rasa, Guru Guna, and Sheeta Veerya, is traditionally used as a nutritive (Poshana) remedy?

A

Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus)

B

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

C

Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia)

D

Bala (Sida cordifolia)

Q35

In the context of Dravyaguna, which Vipaka is most suitable for treating diseases involving wasting (Dhatu Kshaya)?

A

Katu Vipaka

B

Amla Vipaka

C

Madhura Vipaka

D

Tikta Vipaka

Q36

In the Panchabhautic composition, Agni bhuta is primarily associated with which taste (rasa) and therapeutic quality?

A

Madhura; nourishing

B

Katu; heating

C

Tikta; cooling

D

Lavana; pungent

Q37

Which of the following is a classic example of a 'Rasayana' drug used for longevity?

A

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

B

Guggulu (Commiphora mukul)

C

Karela (Bitter melon)

D

Shunthi (Ginger)

Q38

Which of the following is the drug of choice for 'Anaha' (bloating) due to its strong carminative properties?

A

Amalaki

B

Jeeraka

C

Guduchi

D

Ashoka

Q39

Which phytochemical marker is used for standardization of Kalmegh raw material in the Nepal Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia?

A

Andrographolide ≥ 1.5 % w/w

B

Wedelolactone ≥ 0.8 % w/w

C

Picroside-I ≥ 2.0 % w/w

D

Glycyrrhizin ≥ 0.5 % w/w

Q40

A 55-year-old patient with chronic stable angina is prescribed Arjuna powder. According to Ayurvedic dosage guidelines, the typical adult dose of Arjuna in the form of powdered bark is:

A

1–3 grams with warm milk, twice daily

B

5–10 grams with ghee, once daily

C

0.5–1 gram with honey, thrice daily

D

2–4 grams with water, once daily

Q41

The primary therapeutic indication of Tulsi in Ayurvedic pediatrics is:

A

Management of infantile colic

B

Treatment of cough and cold with Kapha dominance

C

Regulation of menstrual cycles in adolescent girls

D

Enhancing appetite in malnourished children

Q42

Which herb is described in Dravyaguna as being beneficial in treating disorders related to the bladder and is used in urinary calculus conditions?

A

Guduchi

B

Jambu

C

Nagakeshara

D

Haritaki

Q43

In terms of Dosha predominance, Ashoka is best classified as:

A

Vata-kashaya (dry)

B

Pitta-tikta (bitter)

C

Kapha-madhura (sweet)

D

Rasa-kashaya (astringent)

Q44

Which drug is characterized as 'Katu-Tikta Rasa' and is used for 'Vata-Kapha' inflammatory conditions?

A

Chandana

B

Musta

C

Shatavari

D

Amalaki

Q45

In the classification of crude drugs, which one is categorized as a 'Bark' (Twak)?

A

Amalaki

B

cinnamon (Twak)

C

Musta

D

Guggulu

Q46

A thick, blackish-brown, exudate that solidifies on cooling, has a bitter taste, a characteristic camphoraceous odor and a slightly granular texture is which of the following?

A

Shilajit (Asphaltum)

B

Guggulu (Commiphora wightii)

C

Abhrak (Mica)

D

Swarna Bhasma (Gold Bhasma)

Q47

The characteristic odor of clove oil is mainly due to which phytochemical constituent?

A

Menthol

B

Eugenol

C

Limonene

D

Linalool

Q48

In the biosynthesis of terpenes, the key precursor is:

A

Acetyl-CoA

B

Shikimic acid

C

Phenylalanine

D

Malonyl-CoA

Q49

What is the primary objective of performing 'Jarana' in the processing of metals like Swarna and Rajat?

A

To increase the weight of the metal

B

To make the metal soluble in water

C

To reduce the metallic nature and make it absorbable

D

To change the color of the Bhasma

Q50

During the Shodhana of mercury (Parada), the process of "Samskarana" primarily involves:

A

Repeated heating with cow milk

B

Mixing with sulfur and heating

C

Trituration with herbal juices

D

Exposure to sunlight

Q51

According to the classical definition of Bhaishajya Kalpana, which of the following describes 'Churna' most accurately?

A

A coarse powder obtained by crushing drugs

B

A fine powder obtained by trituration of dried drugs

C

A mixture of powders combined with honey

D

A concentrated extract dried into a powder

Q52

The classical method of preparing medicated ghrita in which the fat-soluble ingredients are subjected to repeated heating and Clarification with ghee, while water-soluble substances are added during the final stage, is called:

A

Kshira pakṣa vidhāna

B

Arka taila pakṣa

C

Jīrṇa māṃsa pakṣa

D

Gandhodakīya pakṣa

Q53

Which of the following is the defining characteristic of Asava kalpana in Ayurvedic pharmaceutics?

A

Prepared from Kwatha (decoction) with jaggery and fermented for 1 month

B

Prepared from Kwatha with sugar and Dhataki flowers, fermented for 1 month

C

Prepared from fresh fruit juice without any fermentation

D

Prepared from powdered herbs mixed with honey and stored for 6 months

Q54

According to Dinacharya, the ideal bedtime for maintaining health is

A

Before 10 p.m.

B

After midnight

C

At 2 a.m.

D

Whenever the person feels tired

Q55

A student preparing for exams often skips meals and delays bathroom breaks. According to Swasthavritta, which preventive measure should be emphasized to avoid disease?

A

Adopt a high-protein diet only during weekends

B

Schedule regular intervals for meals and elimination

C

Consume only cold beverages throughout the day

D

Practice prolonged fasting once a week

Q56

Which dietary recommendation best suits a Kapha-dominant individual during the monsoon season?

A

Light, warm, spicy foods

B

Cold, oily, sweet foods

C

Dry, bitter, astringent foods

D

High protein, raw salads

Q57

Which of the following is considered a primary danger sign in pregnancy that warrants immediate referral?

A

Vaginal bleeding

B

Mild nausea

C

Backache without fever

D

Increased fetal movement

Q58

Which Ayurvedic preventive strategy (Swasthavritta) is highlighted for protecting a community against Janapadodhwamsa caused by contaminated water sources?

A

Ritually bathing in the Ganges during sunrise

B

Administering a daily dose of Triphala powder

C

Ensuring proper boiling of drinking water before consumption

D

Performing night-time fire rituals (Homa) in the village square

Q59

Regarding the concept of Rupa in Roga Nidana, which statement best reflects its definition?

A

Signs perceived through touch only

B

Symptoms experienced subjectively by the patient

C

Objective findings observable by the physician

D

Premonitory signs appearing before disease onset

Q60

Which statement best describes arbuda in Shalya Tantra?

A

Arbuda always present in the neck

B

Arbuda are growths of tissues

C

Arbuda are cystic swellings

D

Arbuda are only malignant

Q61

According to Sushruta, the optimal time to perform incision (Patana) in a Vidradhi is when:

A

The lesion is in the early erythematous stage

B

The abscess is fluctuant with pointing (bheda) and mature paka

C

The lesion is hard and non-tender

D

The patient presents with systemic sepsis

Q62

The disease 'Ushna Vidagdha Drishti' described in Ayurvedic texts correlates with which modern ocular condition?

A

Cataract

B

Glaucoma

C

Central serous retinopathy / chorioretinitis

D

Pterygium

Q63

Nasa Shotha (nasal swelling) is most commonly associated with:

A

Vataja

B

Pittaja

C

Kaphaja

D

Sannipataja

Q64

Danta Pupputaka is characterized by which classical clinical feature?

A

Sharp shooting pain in teeth

B

Decay with formation of hollow cavity in tooth

C

Bleeding from gums

D

Blackish discoloration of teeth

Q65

In the ninth month, which physiological event prepares the fetus for delivery (Prasava)?

A

Surfactant production in lungs

B

Descent of the fetal head into pelvis

C

Maturation of the adrenal cortex

D

All of the above

Q66

In Ayurvedic management of postpartum haemorrhage (Rakta Prasava), which mineral preparation is considered beneficial?

A

Shankhapushpi ras

B

Jatamansi rasa

C

Haridra paste

D

Shudha loha (purified iron) bhasma

Q67

Which of the following is NOT included in Ashtasthana Pariksha?

A

Prashna (questioning)

B

Nadi Pariksha (pulse examination)

C

Rakta Pariksha (blood examination)

D

Mala Pariksha (stool examination)

Q68

Which of the following is NOT considered a causative factor of Sthanya dosha (milk deficiency) in a newborn according to Ayurvedic texts?

A

Maternal intake of excessive cold foods

B

Premature weaning before the infant shows hunger cues

C

Infant's excessive crying leading to poor feeding

D

Maternal exposure to excessive heat or hot environments

Q69

In Ayurvedic pharmaco-logical terms, which formulation is specifically indicated for the treatment of Vaginal Atisara caused by vitiated Rasa?

A

Niruha Basti with Dashamula

B

Gandhaka Rasayan

C

Madhukrit Prasav

D

Rasayana of Haritaki

Q70

According to Sushruta, the 'Kumaradhikara' (pediatric examination) includes assessment of which of the following?

A

Pulse (Nadi), tongue (Jihva), and stool (Mala)

B

Only pulse and respiration

C

Only anthropometric measurements

D

Only developmental reflexes

Q71

A 4-year-old child presents with abdominal distension, loss of appetite and occasional cough. Stool examination shows motile, cylindrical, white worms about 15-20 cm long. According to Charaka Samhita, which krimi is most likely responsible?

A

Vikrita

B

Madhumasa

C

Karchika

D

Krimadushta

Q72

What is the primary purpose of the 'Birth Dose' of Hepatitis B vaccine?

A

To prevent community transmission

B

To prevent vertical transmission from mother to child

C

To boost immunity for the 6th week

D

To prevent childhood liver failure

Q73

Which symptom is most characteristic of a Jangama visha (animal poison) entering the body through a bite or sting?

A

Burning sensation at the site of the wound

B

Paresthesia of distant limbs

C

Yellow discoloration of the skin

D

Severe watery diarrhoea

Q74

Specific antidote for Vatsanabha (Aconite) poisoning as per Ayurveda is:

A

Vatsanabha Agada

B

Mahagandhahasti Agada

C

Shunthi Agada

D

Triphala Ghrita

Q75

Which of the following actions is considered a violation of the Vidhi Vaidyaka code concerning dead body handling?

A

Performing ritual chanting before cremation

B

Allowing family members to view the body before the post-mortem

C

Leaving the body unattended in a public area for more than 30 minutes

D

Ensuring the body is placed on a wooden pyre rather than a metal platform

Q76

In Ashtanga Hridaya, the description of 'Roga Pariksha' (disease examination) includes which of the following as a method analogous to modern clinical investigation?

A

Pulse diagnosis (Nadi Pariksha)

B

Urine examination (Mutra Pariksha)

C

Tongue examination (Jihva Pariksha)

D

All of the above

Q77

According to Charaka Samhita, which type of causative factor is exemplified by 'Prajnaparadha'?

A

Intellectual misconduct

B

Improper diet

C

Seasonal changes

D

Physical injury

Q78

Which modern medical specialty is most commonly referred to by an Ayurveda practitioner for management of chronic lifestyle diseases like hypertension?

A

Cardiology

B

Endocrinology

C

Pulmonology

D

Gastroenterology

Q79

According to the principles of Kayachikitsa, what is the first step in treating a patient with Kamala before administering strong herbs?

A

Snehana

B

Deepana and Pachana

C

Basti

D

Raktamokshana

Q80

Charaka Samhita's principle of drug 'Samyoga' (combination) is most closely related to which modern pharmacological parameter?

A

Bioavailability

B

Therapeutic index

C

Half-life

D

Potency

Q81

The preparation of Kshara for the Sutra involves heating which of the following plant sources to obtain the alkaline extract?

A

Aloe vera leaves

B

Lodhra (Alangium salviifolium) bark

C

Neem seeds

D

Turmeric rhizome

Q82

In Shadrasa theory, a drug described as having a predominant lavana rasa will most likely exhibit which of the following actions?

A

Increasing the permeability of mucous membranes

B

Cooling the body

C

Inducing sleep

D

Reducing kapha

Q83

According to Charaka, the ideal time for administering Vajikarana drugs is after which preparatory measure?

A

Panchakarma

B

Shodhana

C

Shamana

D

Snehana

Q84

Raktamokshana is contraindicated in which of the following systemic conditions?

A

Chronic constipation

B

Severe hypertension (Uchcha Raktachap)

C

Mild allergic rhinitis

D

Low-grade fever

Q85

Which of the following is the correct ethical approach for an Ayurvedic physician when a patient's condition is beyond their expertise?

A

Continue treatment to avoid losing the patient

B

Refer the patient to a qualified specialist in a timely manner

C

Suggest the patient try home remedies

D

Tell the patient that the disease is incurable

Q86

The enzymatic condensation of two farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) molecules to form squalene is an example of which type of reaction?

A

Oxidative decarboxylation

B

Head-to-tail condensation

C

Cyclization

D

Hydrolysis

Q87

Which cash incentive scheme under the Government of Nepal is designed to promote institutional delivery?

A

Mithila scheme

B

Mothers' Incentive Scheme

C

Janani Suraksha Yojana

D

Sukanya Samridhi

Q88

Which doshas are mainly targeted by the Basti (medicated enema) procedure?

A

Pitta and Kapha

B

Vata and Pitta

C

Kapha and Vata

D

Pitta only

Q89

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using Agni Karma compared to modern cautery?

A

Produces less thermal damage

B

Results in more blood loss

C

Leaves a charred scar

D

Requires longer operative time

Q90

Which dosha deficiency is most commonly associated with dry eye syndrome (Kushta) in Ayurveda?

A

Kapha

B

Vata

C

Pitta

D

Tarpaka Kapha

Q91

Which Ashtanga Hridaya chapter emphasizes the importance of seasonal variations and their effect on disease manifestation?

A

Agni

B

Roga

C

Vashikaran

D

Chikitsa

Q92

Which container material is recommended for long-term storage of volatile-oil-rich drugs such as Lavanga (Syzygium aromaticum) buds to prevent loss of aroma?

A

Transparent polyethylene bags

B

Amber glass bottles with airtight caps

C

Cardboard boxes lined with paper

D

Stainless steel drums with vented lids

Q93

What is the primary purpose of marana when processing naga (lead) into bhasma?

A

Convert lead into a metallic alloy

B

Remove heavy metal impurities

C

Increase its solubility

D

Impregnate reddish color

Q94

In kupipakwa procedures, why is a sealed apparatus employed with respect to heavy metal contamination risk?

A

To prevent oxidation of metals

B

To enhance dissolution of herbs

C

To avoid microbial contamination

D

To increase temperature rapidly

Q95

For a Vata-predominant person, Dinacharya recommends which oil for Abhyanga?

A

Coconut oil

B

Mustard oil

C

Sesame oil

D

Olive oil

Q96

In Ayurveda, during which period is it best to consume the largest meal of the day (madhyaha)?

A

early morning (Brahma muhurta)

B

midday (around 12-2 PM)

C

evening (sunset)

D

night before sleep

Q97

In the samprapti of kasa (cough), which dosha's predominance produces the 'kaphaja kasa' (phlegmy cough) variety?

A

Vata

B

Pitta

C

Kapha

D

All doshas

Q98

Which Mandala of Rigveda is completely dedicated to 'Soma'?ऋग्वेद का कौन–सा मंडल पूर्णतः 'सोम' को समर्पित है?

A

Seventh Mandala / सप्तम मंडल

B

Eighth Mandala / अष्टम मंडल

C

Ninth Mandala / नवम मंडल

D

Tenth Mandala / दशम मंडल ✅

Q99

The 'Mantra' famous with the name of 'Gayatri Mantra' found in which of the following scriptures?'गायत्री मंत्र' किस शास्त्र में मिलता है?

A

Bhagwatgita – भगवद्गीता

B

Atharvaveda – अथर्ववेद

C

Rig Veda – ऋग्वेद

D

Manusmriti – मनुस्मृति ✅

Q100

For a patient with 'Vata-Kapha' predominance (e.g., certain types of respiratory distress), which combination of therapy is most indicated?

A

Sheeta and Snigdha therapy

B

Ushna and Tikshna therapy

C

Ruksha and Sheeta therapy

D

Laghu and Sheeta therapy