Pharmacy Assistant Licensure Exam preparation SET 2

Q1

The study of drug action on living systems is called:

A

Pharmacology

B

Toxicology

C

Pharmacognosy

D

Pharmacokinetics

Q2

The branch dealing with adverse effects of drugs is:

A

Pharmacodynamics

B

Toxicology

C

Pharmacotherapeutics

D

Pharmacovigilance

Q3

The mechanism of action of paracetamol involves:

A

COX inhibition

B

H1 receptor blockade

C

Beta receptor stimulation

D

Calcium channel blocking

Q4

Penicillin acts by inhibiting:

A

Cell wall synthesis

B

Protein synthesis

C

Nucleic acid synthesis

D

Cell membrane function

Q5

The therapeutic index is the ratio of:

A

Minimum toxic dose to minimum effective dose

B

Maximum dose to minimum dose

C

Effective dose to toxic dose

D

Half-life to duration

Q6

First-pass metabolism occurs primarily in:

A

Kidney

B

Liver

C

Lung

D

Spleen

Q7

The half-life of a drug is the time for:

A

Complete elimination

B

50 percent reduction in plasma concentration

C

75 percent reduction

D

Peak concentration

Q8

Which is a beta-blocker?

A

Amlodipine

B

Atenolol

C

Enalapril

D

Losartan

Q9

ACE inhibitors work by inhibiting:

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme

B

Acetylcholinesterase

C

Adenosine deaminase

D

Amino acid decarboxylase

Q10

The primary site of drug absorption for oral meds is:

A

Stomach

B

Small intestine

C

Large intestine

D

Esophagus

Q11

Competitive antagonists differ from non-competitive in:

A

Reversibility

B

Binding site

C

Potency

D

Efficacy

Q12

Bioavailability refers to:

A

Total drug administered

B

Fraction reaching systemic circulation

C

Rate of metabolism

D

Volume of distribution

Q13

Morphine acts on which receptor type?

A

Dopamine

B

Serotonin

C

Opioid (mu)

D

GABA

Q14

Which is a proton pump inhibitor?

A

Ranitidine

B

Omeprazole

C

Domperidone

D

Metoclopramide

Q15

Diazepam belongs to which class?

A

Antipsychotics

B

Benzodiazepines

C

Antidepressants

D

Mood stabilizers

Q16

The primary action of furosemide is:

A

ACE inhibition

B

Potassium sparing diuresis

C

Loop diuresis

D

Osmotic diuresis

Q17

Insulin is administered parenterally because it is:

A

Destroyed by stomach acid

B

Not absorbed from intestine

C

Too large for oral absorption

D

All of the above

Q18

The drug of choice for status epilepticus is:

A

Phenytoin

B

Diazepam

C

Carbamazepine

D

Valproic acid

Q19

Metformin primarily works by:

A

Increasing insulin secretion

B

Decreasing hepatic glucose production

C

Blocking glucose absorption

D

Increasing peripheral glucose uptake

Q20

The receptor type coupled with G-protein is:

A

Ion channel receptors

B

Enzyme-linked receptors

C

G-protein coupled receptors

D

Nuclear receptors

Q21

Antidote for organophosphate poisoning:

A

Atropine

B

Adrenaline

C

Noradrenaline

D

Dopamine

Q22

Drug tolerance is defined as:

A

Allergic reaction

B

Decreased response with repeated use

C

Increased sensitivity

D

Idiosyncratic reaction

Q23

SSRIs include:

A

Imipramine

B

Fluoxetine

C

Tranylcypromine

D

Phenelzine

Q24

The mechanism of warfarin is:

A

Antiplatelet

B

Fibrinolytic

C

Vitamin K antagonist

D

Heparin mimic

Q25

Which is a thiazide diuretic?

A

Spironolactone

B

Furosemide

C

Hydrochlorothiazide

D

Mannitol

Q26

Salbutamol is a:

A

Alpha agonist

B

Beta-2 agonist

C

Beta-1 antagonist

D

Alpha antagonist

Q27

Chloroquine is primarily used for:

A

Bacterial infections

B

Fungal infections

C

Malaria

D

Viral infections

Q28

The antidote for acetaminophen overdose is:

A

Vitamin K

B

N-acetylcysteine

C

Flumazenil

D

Naloxone

Q29

Drug interactions involving protein binding are:

A

Pharmacodynamic

B

Pharmacokinetic

C

Pharmacogenetic

D

Pharmacovigilant

Q30

The loading dose is based on:

A

Clearance

B

Volume of distribution

C

Half-life

D

Bioavailability

Q31

Which is an antifungal drug?

A

Amoxicillin

B

Fluconazole

C

Metronidazole

D

Ciprofloxacin

Q32

The main mechanism of aspirin is:

A

COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition

B

H2 receptor blockade

C

Proton pump inhibition

D

Calcium channel blocking

Q33

Digoxin toxicity is treated with:

A

Atropine

B

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments

C

Naloxone

D

Flumazenil

Q34

Antihistamines block:

A

H1 receptors

B

H2 receptors

C

Both H1 and H2

D

Histamine release

Q35

Rifampicin acts by inhibiting:

A

DNA gyrase

B

RNA polymerase

C

Cell wall synthesis

D

Folic acid synthesis

Q36

Levodopa is used in:

A

Epilepsy

B

Parkinson disease

C

Schizophrenia

D

Depression

Q37

Onset of IV anesthesia is:

A

30-60 minutes

B

10-20 minutes

C

5-10 seconds

D

1-2 minutes

Q38

Oral contraceptives primarily contain:

A

Estrogen and progesterone

B

Testosterone

C

Cortisol

D

Thyroxine

Q39

Heparin reversal is with:

A

Vitamin K

B

Protamine sulfate

C

Calcium gluconate

D

Tranexamic acid

Q40

Phenytoin is used as:

A

Antiepileptic

B

Antidepressant

C

Antipsychotic

D

Anxiolytic

Q41

A pharmacist is asked to provide information on the contraindication of a medication in patients with a specific genetic polymorphism. Which resource is most appropriate for this query?

A

The drug's FDA label

B

A pharmacogenomics database such as PharmGKB

C

The hospital's standard drug monograph collection

D

A general pharmacology textbook

Q42

Vitamin C enhances the intestinal absorption of which mineral, thereby preventing its deficiency?

A

Iron

B

Calcium

C

Zinc

D

Magnesium

Q43

In a suspected cyanide poisoning due to combustion of synthetic materials, the first line of management advised by the PIC is:

A

Administration of hydroxocobalamin

B

Immediate gastric lavage

C

High-flow oxygen therapy

D

Intravenous sodium bicarbonate

Q44

Which of the following is a primary source of medicinal compounds studied in pharmacognosy besides plants?

A

Plastic polymers

B

Marine organisms

C

Synthetic catalysts

D

Industrial solvents

Q45

Capsaicin, used topically for neuropathic pain, is derived from the fruit of which plant?

A

Capsicum frutescens

B

Piper nigrum

C

Cinnamomum verum

D

Zingiber officinale

Q46

Which chromatographic technique is most widely adopted for generating a fingerprint profile of a crude herbal drug for batch-to-batch consistency checks?

A

High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)

B

Simple paper chromatography

C

Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector

D

Conventional thin layer chromatography on silica gel

Q47

Which of the following is the correct storage temperature for the OPV vaccine at the district level store in Nepal?

A

+2°C to +8°C

B

-15°C to -25°C

C

-50°C to -70°C

D

0°C to +4°C

Q48

A 70-year-old patient on chronic low-dose aspirin develops a small ulcer on the lower lip after minor trauma. Which OTC product should be avoided?

A

0.5% topical lidocaine gel

B

5% zinc oxide ointment

C

10% benzocaine spray

D

2% mupirocin ointment

Q49

Which population group is prioritized for seasonal influenza vaccination in Nepal's national immunization schedule?

A

Healthy adults aged 20 - 40

B

Pregnant women in any trimester

C

Children aged 5 - 10

D

Individuals with hypertension only

Q50

Which of the following enzymes is the target of metformin action in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to reduced hepatic glucose production?

A

Glucokinase

B

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

C

AMP-activated protein kinase

D

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

Q51

Which antibiotic was the first quinolone introduced in clinical practice and lacks a fluorine atom?

A

Ciprofloxacin

B

Nalidixic acid

C

Levofloxacin

D

Ofloxacin

Q52

A pharmacist is asked to provide information on the contraindication of a medication in patients with a specific genetic polymorphism. Which resource is most appropriate for this query?

A

The drug’s FDA label

B

A pharmacogenomics database such as PharmGKB

C

The hospital’s standard drug monograph collection

D

A general pharmacology textbook

Q53

In a suspected cyanide poisoning due to combustion of synthetic materials, the first line of management advised by the PIC is:

A

Administration of hydroxocobalamin

B

Immediate gastric lavage

C

High‑flow oxygen therapy

D

Intravenous sodium bicarbonate

Q54

Which chromatographic technique is most widely adopted for generating a fingerprint profile of a crude herbal drug for batch‑to‑batch consistency checks?

A

High‑performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)

B